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Giant Dromaeosaurs and other Eumaniraptora from the Cretaceous period
Joseph Fossil posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
The Eumaniraptora is a clade of non-avian theropod dinosaurs that first emerged during the late Jurassic period and diversified extensively during the subsequent Cretaceous period (143-66 Million years ago). This group is most famously known as the Raptor dinosaurs (the sister clade of the theropod dinosaurs that gave direct rise to the birds), consisting of mostly small to mid sized theropod dinosaurs. There are a few species though that exceed the typical small-medium size range for the raptor dinosaurs. Only a few giant raptor dinosaurs are currently known. But recent discoveries over the past few decades have demonstrated large raptor dinosaurs were less of an exception in Cretaceous ecosystems than previously thought. Here is a list of all the currently known giant Eumaniraptora from the fossil record which hopefully can expand our understanding the vital roles these animals played in the ecosystems they once inhabited. Let me know if I forgot any examples. South America Austroraptor cabazai (Dromaeosauridae - Argentina, South America) (Late Cretaceous (78-66 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 6 meters (20 feet) in length) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679073/ Antarctica Imperobator antarcticus (Eumaniraptora - part of what is now James Ross Island, Antarctica) (Late Cretaceous (71 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 4 meters (13 feet) in length, note: did not have the iconic pair of sickle shaped claw on its feet like most other Eumaniraptora) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667118300120?via%3Dihub Asia Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae - part of what is now Mongolia, Asia) (Late Cretaceous (96-89 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Perle, A.; Norell, M. A.; Clark, J. M. (1999). "A new maniraptoran Theropod−Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae)−from the Upper Cretaceous of Burkhant, Mongolia". Contributions from the Geology and Mineralogy Chair, National Museum of Mongolia (101): 1−105. Unnamed Bissekty Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae (could possible be a species of Itemirus) - part of what is now Uzbekistan, Asia) (Late Cretaceous (92-90 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimens CCMGE 600/12457, ZIN PH 11/16, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263891965_Dromaeosauridae_Dinosauria_Theropoda_from_the_Bissekty_Formation_Upper_Cretaceous_Turonian_of_Uzbekistan_and_the_phylogenetic_position_of_Itemirus_medullaris_Kurzanov_1976 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/giant-dromaeosaurid-theropod-from-the-upper-cretaceous-turonian-bissekty-formation-of-uzbekistan-and-the-status-of-ulughbegsaurus-uzbekistanensis/4543ABAB1EC19C84405EDF66A5F53124 Europe Unnamed Wessex Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae (specimens for this species could belong to Vectiraptor) - Isle of Wight, Great Britain, Europe) (Early Cretaceous (125 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimens IWCMS.2002.1, IWCMS.2002.3, IWCMS.2002.4., and BMNH R 16510, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222830089_The_first_record_of_velociraptorine_dinosaurs_Saurischia_Theropoda_from_the_Wealden_Early_Cretaceous_Barremian_of_southern_England https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667121003712 Unnamed Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Gorodishchenskii District Russia, Europe) (Late Cretaceous (72.1-66.0 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen VGI. no. 231/2, grew up to 5.8 meters (19 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235806763_Carnivorous_dinosaurs_Saurischia_Theropoda_from_the_Maastrichtian_of_the_Volga-Don_Interfluve_Russia North America Utahraptor ostrommaysi (Dromaeosauridae - Western North America) (Early Cretaceous (135-130 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285714464_A_large_dromaeosaur_Theropoda_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_of_eastern_Utah Dakotaraptor steini (Dromaeosauridae - Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (66 Million years ago)) (grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283655219_The_first_giant_raptor_Theropoda_Dromaeosauridae_from_the_Hell_Creek_Formation Unnamed Marshalltown Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (72.1 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen NJSM 14158, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327117985_The_distinctive_theropod_assemblage_of_the_Ellisdale_site_of_New_Jersey_and_its_implications_for_North_American_dinosaur_ecology_and_evolution_during_the_Cretaceous https://terpconnect.umd.edu/~gdouglas/raptor/index.html Unnamed Tar Heel Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae ((Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (78.5-77.1 Million Years ago)) (Based on Specimen YPM.VPPU.021397, grew up to 3.4 meters (11 feet 2 inches) in length) https://peerj.com/preprints/26829/ Alaska Troodontid (Troodontidae (could be a species of Troodon or a new genus in Troodontidae) - Prince Creek Formation Alaska, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (70.6-69.1 Million Years ago) (grew up to almost 4 meters (13 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236632883_On_the_Occurrence_of_Exceptionally_Large_Teeth_of_Troodon_Dinosauria_Saurischia_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_Northern_Alaska Latenivenatrix mcmasterae (Troodontidae - Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta Canada, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (75.5 Million years ago)) (grew up to 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) in length) https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/78296/1/cjes-2017-0031.pdf Unnamed Mount Laurel Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (72.1 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen NJSM GP 22949, grew up to 3.4 meters (11 feet 2 inches) in length) https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.191206 What do you guys think?- 12 replies
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- alaska troodon
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From the album: Hell Creek Formation Microsite
An anteriorly-situated tooth from a juvenile dromaeosaurid.-
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So, no Kem Kem dromaeosaurids after all?
BirdsAreDinosaurs posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
Hi all, I just recently had the time to thoroughly read through this recent paper, which describes, amongst other things, how machine learning was used (in combination with other techniques) to identify a possible Deltadromeus tooth. The authors also suggest the presence of a second noasaurid species in the Kem Kem beds, based on a small sub-adult partial vertebra. In the discussion, the authors discuss individual teeth found in the Kem Kem beds that were previously referred to Dromaesauridae by Amiot et al. (2004), Richter et al. (2013), and Ibrahim et al. (2020a). The authors believe all of these teeth do in fact not belong to Dromaeosauridae. They say some are most likely abelisaurid, and others noasaurid (those with strongly distally recurved crowns and those with a non-serrated mesial carina and/or a faint constriction between tooth and crown). All of the dental features used to refer Kem Kem teeth to Dromaeosauridae, are in fact also present in noasaurids and juvenile abelisaurids. To be honest, I never really believed the teeth described in these older papers belonged to Dromaeosauridae. Having said that, there are still some tooth types from the Kem Kem beds that have never been described in scientific literature, which are "dromaeosaurid-like". For example, the ones in Troodon's overview having a twisted mesial carina. However, when you look at lateral teeth of the noasaurid Masiakasaurus, some also have a twisted mesial carina. I think there is still a possibility that some of these small dromaeosaurid-like Kem Kem teeth are in fact dromaeosaurid, but it is quite likely that they all turn out to be noasaurid or abelisaurid. What do you think?- 1 reply
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From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations
Even in the final years of the non-avian dinosaurs, the paravians remained diverse, with many species represented in the famed Hell Creek formation.- 1 comment
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- acheroraptor
- acheroraptor temertyorum
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"Exceptional preservation in this specimen includes a large bluish layer in the abdomen which represents one of the few occurrences of intestinal remnants among non-avian dinosaurs" https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24602-x
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From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations
As a theropod tooth aficionado, I thought it useful to compare two families present in the Hell Creek Formation. They become increasingly difficult to distinguish as they get smaller, but this graphic presents some features which may be used to differentiate them on two similarly-sized exceptional specimens. Keep in mind there is some variability due to position, ontogeny, etc., so it's beneficial to study more than one tooth for each family.-
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Dromaeosauridae fossil teeth?
Seguidora-de-Isis posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
Hello! Good morning to all my friends from my favorite forum ! Unfortunately my English is not very good, but I would like some help, please, for this fossilized tooth. I know there is no publication of any fossilized skull, and unfortunately it is rare to find publications on the fossils of Moroccan teeth ... But I believe this tooth does not fit with a Carcharodontosaurus. By the morphological characteristics, it fits more with a Dromaeosauridae family. What do you think? Hugs to all!- 14 replies
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From the album: Dinosaurs
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- acheroraptor
- acheroraptor serrations
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From the album: Dinosaurs
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- acheroraptor
- acheroraptor serrations
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From the album: Dinosaurs
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- acheroraptor
- acheroraptor serrations
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From the album: Dinosaurs
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- acheroraptor
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From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations
Dromaeosauridae (Cf. Acheroraptor temertyorum) Hell Creek Fm., Carter Co., MT, USA Acheroraptor's dentition is known incompletely, so it's possible this tooth is from Acheroraptor. Until more material is described, this tooth will remain indeterminate. There may be slight facets, but I'm not confident that's what I'm seeing.-
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From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations
Acheroraptor temertyorum Hell Creek Fm., Garfield Co., MT, USA A Velociraptorine tooth with the diagnostic longitudinal ridges Acheroraptor is known for. This tooth has some wear on the tip and root etching at the base. Art by Emily Willoughby-
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Identification A. temertyorum is characterized by the typical Dromaeosaurid traits (compressed, recurved, differing mc/dc serration densities), and longitudinal ridges/facets on the crown face. Notes This tooth was found this past Summer ('21), and in the same county as the holotype specimen.
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From the album: Dinosaurs
Acheroraptor temertyorum Hell Creek Fm., Garfield Co., MT, USA Note the diagnostic ridges.-
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Identification: This is a typical Dromaeosaurid tooth, with the serrations being differently-sized on each carina; the denticles are much smaller on the mesial carina compared to the distal carina. There's also slight recurvature, which is common in Dromaeosaurs. There are no other features present that allow for identification beyond Family. Described Dromaeosaurs in the Hell Creek Formation include Acheroraptor temertyorum and Dakotaraptor steini. Because both of their known dentitions are incomplete, this tooth may belong to either, or another undescribed Dromaeosaur. Identification further discussed here. Notes: CH: ~ 10.5 mm CBL: ~ 6 mm CBW: 3 mm Mesial denticle density: 8 / mm Distal denticle density: 4.5 / mm There is some minimal feeding wear on the tip, but this tooth is otherwise flawless.
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From the album: Dinosaurs
Dromaeosauridae indet. (Velociraptorine?) Hell Creek Fm., Carter Co., MT, USA Crown height: ~ 10 mm ~ 4.5 serrations / mm (distal) NB: "hooking" serrations near the tip, characteristic of members of Velociraptorinae (Currie (1995)).-
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From the album: Dinosaurs
Dromaeosauridae indet. (Velociraptorine?) Hell Creek Fm., Carter Co., MT, USA Crown height: ~ 10 mm ~ 8 serrations / mm (mesial)-
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Hi y'all, I picked up this gorgeous Dromaeosaurid tooth. It was listed as Acheroraptor and I bought it thinking it was one. However, upon receiving it and taking some measurements, I believe it may be a candidate for Dakotaraptor steini, as it virtually matches one in @Troodon's collection in every metric. It has a semi-oval base, with no ridges or facets commonly seen on Acheroraptor. The mesial carina is straight, and terminates almost 1/3 the CH from the base. Dromaeosauridae Hell Creek Fm., Carter Co., MT, USA CH: ~ 10.5 mm CBL: ~ 6 mm CBW: 3 mm Mesial denticle density: 8 / mm Distal denticle density: 4.5 / mm Distal serrations: Mesial serrations: Base: This is the other tooth I'm referring to:
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This is my first attempt at getting a Dromeosaurus albertensis tooth from Judith River fm. I've largely been avoiding buying dromeosaurids like the plague that aren't Acheroraptor or Saurornitholestes. Provenance: Hill County, Montana The tooth is repaired, and I had to realigned it while restabilizing it with butvar. The tooth doesn't seem to perfectly fit together, or too much butvar ended up in-between. There does not appear to be any serrations on the mesial edge, and it doesn't appear to have any trace of serrations, at least not that I can see with a macroscope. I don't think it's Saurornitholestes sp. due to the serrations not having the distinct hooked shape. I'm not 100% sure whether or not it's Tyrannosauridae indet., but I don't think it is, but the robust dromeosaurids are supposedly very similar at first glances. Any help or clues is appreciated. If any pictures are insufficient, I can try and take better photographs.
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- campanian
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Hello! I get this tooth from Amphoux, France. Any posible id? Allosauridae? Dromaeosauridae? Thank you so much!
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Hello! I get this jaw with a tooth from Kem Kem. The tooth seems like abelisaurid or dromaeosauridae. What do you think? Thank you so much!
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Hey everyone, I came across these teeth online; They're being sold as an Acheroraptor teeth, but seemed odd to me and reminded me of some recurved Pectinodon teeth I had seen elsewhere (given their small size, too). [Tooth 1] The tooth was found in Hell Creek deposits in Carter County, Montana. I edited the seller's images together to make some features more visible. Its total height is 5mm; the serration density I measured is around 6/mm; Scale bar is 4mm. [Tooth 2] The tooth was found in Hell Creek deposits in Powder River County, Montana. Its total height [?] is around 4mm; Since there was no exact scale reference I couldn't edit in a scale bar. Thanks for any help with this!
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Hey everyone, I recently came across this fossil online. It was listed as a metatarsal joint fragment, which to me checks out, but the person further identified it as a Dromaeosaurid [though they didn't specify based on what characters] and tentatively assigned it to Dakotaraptor based on size. Now I was wondering: Can remains this fragmental even be reliably distinguished from the other small- to medium-sized theropods in Hell Creek? The fossil was found in Hell Creek deposits in Wyoming [no info on the exact location], measures 30.9 x 27.5mm [not specified along which sides], and weighs 252 grams. Thank you for any input on this!
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- dakotaraptor
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From the album: Dinosaurs and Reptiles
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- dromaeosauridae
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