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Taxonomy from GBIF.org. Alternative combination: Urenchelys hakelensis (Davis, 1887) Diagnosis translated by oilshale from French (Belouze et al. 2003 p. 367): “Very small anguillimorph fish with about 100 vertebrae clearly taller than long; length ratio between neurocranial roof and total length about 10; head high posteriorly and tapering anteriorly; premaxillae not fused to mesethmovomer; frontals not fused to sensory commissure. anteriorly; premaxillae not fused to the mesethmovomer; frontals not fused and without sensory commissure frontal; parietals very developed; high suspensorium ; ectopterygoid absent; very robust mandible with dental and articulo-angulo-articular joint welded at least laterally and without marked coronoid process; subopercle with bent anterodorsal branch; robust hyoid arch supporting at least 15 branchiosteal at least 15 very long gill rays; first caudal vertebrae without neural spines; undulated neural and hemipeles wavy; pectoral girdle with long, thin cleithra and high pectoral fins; robust caudal fin not continuous with otherwise poorly ossified dorsal and anal fins; LDFF = enPU5/7 and LAFF = ehPU4/8” Line drawing from Belouze et al. 2003, p. 368: Identified by Mr. AbiSaad, owner of the Hgula deposit. References: Davis, J.W. (1887). On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon in Syria. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 48 (2), 624–626. Belouze, A., Gayet, M. and Atallah, C. (2003) Les premiers Anguilliformes : II. Paraphylie du genre Urenchelys WOODWARD, 1900 et relations phylogénétiques. Geobios, Volume 36, Issue 4, Pages 351-378.
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The transcription of the Arabic terms and names is often ambiguous. In the literature the locality is called Hakel, Haqel or Haquel. Taxonomy from Forrey et al., 2003. Alternative combination: Clupea bottae Pictet & Humbert, 1866; Synonym: Pseudoberyx longispina Davis 1887. Diagnosis for the genus Nematonotus according to Woodward, 1901: ”Head large, trunk short and robust. Mandibular suspensorium nearly vertical; jaws delicate and maxilla apparently not expanded behind; teeth minute. Vertebrae about 30 in number, half being caudal; the centra at least as long as deep, with a few prominent longitudinal ridges; ribs moderately robust. Pectoral fins small, close to the ventral border; pelvic fins smaller, opposed to the dorsal fin, which is situated within the anterior half of the back and exhibits one anterior ray excessively elongated and closely articulated; anal fin very small and remote; caudal fin stout but deeply forked. Scales large, smooth, and uniform, moderately thick, not serrated at the hinder border; lateral line conspicuous.” According to Forrey et al., 2003, p.302, the validity of N. bottae needs to be investigated: ”There are two recognized species, the other being N. longispinus (Davis, 1887), which is distinguished from the type species by having a greatly elongated third dorsal fin ray and an elongated second pectoral fin ray. Unfortunately, these hypertrophied fin rays are both extremely delicate and in all but the best-preserved specimens are usually broken. Further, it needs to be said that these fin rays are also extended to some extent in N. bottae. This makes separation of the two species difficult. … We cannot find any other differences between the two species except the elongation of the fin rays in N. longispinus. Clearly, a more intensive study of more specimens is needed to justify the validity of the two species and their defining characters.” Identified by oilshale using Forey et al., 2003. References: Pictet, F. J., and Humbert, A. (1866): Nouvelles recherches sur les poissons fossiles du mont Liban. Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat., Geneve, n. s. 26, 117-133. Woodward, A. S. (1899): Note on some Cretaceous clupeoid fishes with pectinated scales (Ctenothrissa and Pseudoberyx). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7 (3):489-492. Woodward, A. S. (1901): Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part IV :1-636. Forey, P. L., Yi, L., Patterson, C. and Davis, C. E. (2003): Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1 (4) :227-330.
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Hello, I found this rock in Mount Lebanon, Lebanon. It seems an imprint of something most likely marine since the area here belongs to the Cretaceous period. Anyone has a clue what it might be? Thank you in advance.
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Hello. Can anyone tell if this is a rock formation or a possible fossil? Found in Mount Lebanon, Lebanon. Thank you.
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Mortality plate from Lebanon - Armigatus brevissimus
Fossildude19 posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossildude's Purchased/Gift Fossils
Recent acquisition: Mortality plate of Armigatus brevissimus. There may be another type of fish on here as well. Research is ongoing. Without provenance, unfortunately, there is only guesswork from a similar specimen. Age: 98 Million Years Late Cretaceous (Cenomian) Locality: Hakel, Byblos, Lebanon© 2021 Tim Jones
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Hi everyone, I just got this Enchelion montium Eel fossil in today, and I was wondering if you could help me ID the shrimp on the back. I'm assuming it's a Carpopenaeus, but I'm not sure. There's also an odd fin-like structure near the shrimp, if anyone has any ideas as to what it belongs to (if it even belongs to anything, that is), I'd greatly appreciate it.
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Hello! Found yesterday, although I'm not even sure what it is. I put rudists in the tag section since someone told me if you don't know what it is, then it's probably a rudist (especially in Lebanon). I would also like to mention that those patterns are not only on one side, rather they're everywhere even on the small pieces that fell off while i separated it from a bigger rock.
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Hello fellow fossil hunters! Ever since i was a kid, I would always find fossilized gastropod and clams. They are widely found in Lebanon and ever since I was a kid I collected them. However, through my interest in fossils, I learned that what I found was very common. So I started looking for new things. Although I'm still not an expert on which rocks to break open (I pretty much guess which rock to break), I seem to have found some luck. My collection is mainly composed of large gastropods(snail looking) and other types, bivalves, one amonite, and one urchin. The urchin is like my ultimate find. In Lebanon, fish fossils are widely available. I see them everywhere! (on the market). I have yet to learn where to and how to find them. My reason of joining is my hope of getting to know this field better. My fossil hunt is basically breaking every rock I suspect of having a fossil Haha! On the other hand, i enjoy farming, and I am biomedical engineer that loves to invent stuff! I also live in Orlando Florida, although I am not there at the moment. Lebanon is my birthplace and enjoy visiting frequently. It's been a trip looking at all the pictures of finds on this website and I'm glad there are other people who enjoy this. I'm always baffled by fossils, having a creature that once roamed earth almost a hundred million years ago in the palm of your hand. Ill be sure to upload pictures of my collection. Goodluck to you all!
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Viperfish from Lebanon (Eurypholis boissieri)
Fossildude19 posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossildude's Purchased/Gift Fossils
Viperfish from Lebanon Eurypholis boissieri Upper Cretaceous This was a bargain auction find.© 2021 Tim Jones
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Alternative combination: Raja whitfieldi Hay 1903 Literature: HAY, O.P. (1903) On a collection of upper Cretaceous fishes from Mount Lebanon, Syria, with descriptions of four new genera and nineteen new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 19 (10): 395–452.
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In the last couple of months my son and I have purchased some unprepped Lebanese fossil fishy's. There are four known species of guitarfish from the Lebanese provinces of Hakel and Hajula. Rhinobatos maronita is one of these; this species was fist described in 1866 by Pictet and Humbert. Some purty dang cool stuff but the guy we are buying from does not know how to wrap and send fossils over seas! Our last shipment came in many pieces! Not good. My son is working on him to make it right? Aside from that Im going to do what I can to fix things. First up is one side of what I think is a Guitar Fish, Rhinobatus? My son purchased this and this is the 'not so good side' with the other side being in better shape. Every so often I will be back and make more post of these realy neato fossil fishy's. @oilshale I dont know much about the types/specimens of these fish from Lebanon so if anyone wants to chime in and correct me, I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you RB The back half of this slap used to be in one piece!!!
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One of the rarest and most unique fossils are aspiration pieces! I have been very lucky in acquiring 2 over the course of collecting, neither are incredibly good, but their rarity alone makes them that much more desirable! I would love to see anyone else's fish with eyes bigger than their stomachs!
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Characteristic for Eurypholis (meaning "broad scale") are the three large scales directly behind the head. References: A. S. Woodward (1901) Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part IV 1-636. P. L. Forey, L. Yi, C. Patterson and C. E. Davis (2003) Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1(4):227-330.
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More Information On Enchodus marchesettii? papers, ect.
Mioplosus_Lover24 posted a topic in Questions & Answers
In my collection I have an Enchodus marchesettii, but in doing more research I am unsure about the relationship it has to other Enchodus, and it's spread as there seem to be very very few specimens, and most are mislabeled Eurypholis or Spaniodon. I am just very interested if anyone has any papers on Lebanon fish. -
Hi all, I have a shark fossil from Hakel, Lebanon that is unidentified I presume it is of the Scyliorhinus genus. I was hoping someone would be able to tell me what species it is. It measures approximately 13 inches Thank you
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Outdated name: "Urenchelys" germanus HAY, 1903. From Wikipedia: "This genus is interesting as comprising the oldest known eels, which differ from all the tertiary and existing eels in still retaining the caudal fin. Teeth small, bluntly conical, and arranged in numerous series. Slender branchiostegal rays not curving round the opercular apparatus. Vertebrae exceeding 100 in number, the hindermost bearing a pair of expanded hypural bones. Pectoral fins present; dorsal fins arising immediately behind the occiput and extending to the caudal fin, which has stouter rays and is very small but separate. Scales rudimentary." Diagnosis translated by oilshale from French (Belouze et al. 2003, p. 353): "Anguillimorphic fish with about 102 vertebrae; heavily ossified head with massive cleithra and numerous pectoral rays; mesethmoid, separate vomer and premaxillae and paired rostral toothed plates; unwelded frontals with deep groove for supraorbital sensory canal; small supraoccipital and epiotics excluded from participation in cranial roof; palatopterygoid arch with long ecto- and entopterygoids, intimately connected to the other elements of the suspensorium; massive mandible with autogenous articuloanguloretroarticular and rounded posterolateral termination of the dentary; coronomeckelian reduced and not enclosed by the median fork of the dentary; posterior end of maxilla massive and quadrangular; multiseriate teeth numerous and small; about 13 branchiosteal rays and urohyal (bifid?) with corded head; absence of pelvic fins; caudal fin very close to dorsal and anal fins (LDFF around enPU2 and LAFF around ehPU3); 11 ventral caudal rays, 12 dorsal; first preural vertebra with neural spine." Identified by Dr. Norbert Micklich, Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (HLMD). References: Anne Belouze, Mireille Gayet & Claude Atallah (2003) Les premiers Anguilliformes : II. Paraphylie du genre Urenchelys WOODWARD, 1900 et relations phylogénétiques. Geobios 36(4):351-378.
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Hi everyone, I just ordered this beautifull shark fossil from Lebanon, I saw it passing by on the webshop of one of my favorite fossil dealers and it was love at first sight! Just had to get this when I saw it, really love the preservation on it. The shark was found in Hajula, Byblos, Lebanon and is from the Cretaceous, Cenomanian (98 mya). I was only hoping if someone could tell me which species it might belong to. I am pretty sure it's some kind of catshark or carpetshark, but it turns out there are multiple of these in the Lebanon deposits like Pararhinchodon, Scyliorhinus elongatus and Paratriakis curtirostris. Also the shark measures, 12 inches / 30,50 cm So any help would be welcome! Thank you in advance!